Christians And Contraception Essays - Midwifery,

Christians And Contraception Christians and Contraception: Why it is Your Choice, and Why Christianity Was Wrong in the Past INTRODUCTION Contraception History Contraception is defined by Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary as ?the prevention of conception. ? Its synonym is ?birth control?; defined as ?the avoidance of unwanted pregnancies by preventing fertilization by the use of contraceptives or continence. ? It is argued that many forms of birth control are not in fact contraceptives because they do not interrupt the conceptual process, but merely inhibit the survival of the fertilized egg. While we will still frame our discussion in the general category of birth control, the distinctions are important when considering ethics. For example, since the so-called morning after pill prevents the fertilized egg from attaching itself to the wall of the uterus, and thus causing a miscarriage, it technically would be a form of birth control, not conception control . Ancient societies understood the difference between preventing conception and killing an infant. In fact, they used a variety of techniques to try and prevent conception. Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, was widely practiced. It was, however, condemned by conservative Judaism and Roman Catholicism as a vice against nature. This idea grew from the belief that semen was a seed, containing everything necessary for life, and the womb was fertile soil in which to plant the seed. The seeds were believed to be finite, thus carelessly wasting them endangered the future health of the tribe . The ancients also used types of diaphragms to block the sperm. In Africa, women used plugs of chopped grass or cloth. Japanese women used balls of bamboo tissue paper. Greek women used wool . While birth control in one form or another has existed for as long as human culture, there have also been attempts to prevent anything that impeded pregnancy and birth. In 1873, Anthony Comstock was successful in passing a law through Congress that defined contraceptive information as obscene. This was the outgrowth of abortion legislation that outlawed all abortions except those necessary to save the life of a woman. In 1869, Pope Pius IX had declared that all abortion is murder. This was a change from previous Roman Catholic teaching that considered 40 days after conception for a boy and 80 days for a girl as the moment of quickening, meaning the beginning of life. The moment of conception now became the beginning of life, and actually the sperm and egg were even seen to be alive . Types of Contraceptives Contraceptive methods for women include the rhythm method?abstinence around the most likely time of ovulation?and precoital insertion into the vagina of substances (creams, foams, jellies, or suppositories) containing spermatocidal chemicals. The use of a diaphragm, a rubber cup-shaped device inserted before intercourse, which prevents sperm from reaching the uterine cervix. It is usually used with spermatocidal substances, intrauterine devices, or IUDs, are variously shaped small objects inserted by a doctor into the uterus: they apparently act by creating a uterine environment hostile either to the sperm or to the fertilized egg. The birth control pill, an oral contraceptive, involves a hormonal method in which estrogen and progestins are taken cyclically for 21 days a month. These pills suppress production of the hormone that would ordinarily cause ovulation . Other forms include sterilization of either the man or woman, and many new techniques and medications such as the previous ly mentioned ?morning-after? pill, or ?minutes-after? hormone, and also different forms of progestin injections or insertions . The Ethical Contraception Argument The morality of contraception has been argued for centuries. Traditional Christians view the use of contraceptives or contraceptive behavior as sinful and in opposition to God's will for humanity. These fundamentalists have interpreted small pieces of Biblical scripture to reveal the word of God, which shuns birth control. There has also been brought forth a scientific argument supporting the disallowance of Christians utilizing contraception techniques. On the other hand there is abundant evidence that welcomes the intelligent use of birth control measures into the lives of Christians living in the twenty-first century. There has been counter arguments formed to the traditional views, and stunning revelations about the misinterpretation of God's word in scripture. Also, it will not be a surprise that there is

Free Essays on People Admired

Everyone has role models while growing up and most people’s role models continue to play an inspirational part in their lives until they die. There have been so many people in my life that have helped to mold my character. It is amazing the wide variety of people I admire in my life. My admired are comprised of many influential beings. Narrowing down the list of admired people in my life to ten was a very strenuous activity. Though the list is varied all ten of these people have one similarity which is that they continue to encourage me to better my lifestyle. Inside the group of ten people I hold in highest regard there are three women. The important women in my life almost all play the same role. The three women all happen to be members of my family. Sense they are all members of my family they were responsible for instilling values into me and setting a positive example for me. All of them have had success in their work fields and have so far had a very successful life. Of course the fact that these three people are women means that they tend to be more concerned with my feelings and emotions. My mom, grandmother, and my sister are always the people I run to when I am struggling in life and need moral support. Being that I am a typical male the majority of my list of most respected people happen to be male. All of the males in my group are over the age thirty. The bulk of the males in my list are classified as middle aged men. Two of the men In my list are considered to be senior citizens. The males that are encompassed in my list are what gives my list its variety. Three of the individuals in my list are considered to be celebrities whom I do not personally know. It is only through the media and hobby that our paths have crossed. Two of the stars happen to be athletes. My soccer coach also happens to be one of the people I admire the most. Even though he is not famous like the two star athletes h... Free Essays on People Admired Free Essays on People Admired Everyone has role models while growing up and most people’s role models continue to play an inspirational part in their lives until they die. There have been so many people in my life that have helped to mold my character. It is amazing the wide variety of people I admire in my life. My admired are comprised of many influential beings. Narrowing down the list of admired people in my life to ten was a very strenuous activity. Though the list is varied all ten of these people have one similarity which is that they continue to encourage me to better my lifestyle. Inside the group of ten people I hold in highest regard there are three women. The important women in my life almost all play the same role. The three women all happen to be members of my family. Sense they are all members of my family they were responsible for instilling values into me and setting a positive example for me. All of them have had success in their work fields and have so far had a very successful life. Of course the fact that these three people are women means that they tend to be more concerned with my feelings and emotions. My mom, grandmother, and my sister are always the people I run to when I am struggling in life and need moral support. Being that I am a typical male the majority of my list of most respected people happen to be male. All of the males in my group are over the age thirty. The bulk of the males in my list are classified as middle aged men. Two of the men In my list are considered to be senior citizens. The males that are encompassed in my list are what gives my list its variety. Three of the individuals in my list are considered to be celebrities whom I do not personally know. It is only through the media and hobby that our paths have crossed. Two of the stars happen to be athletes. My soccer coach also happens to be one of the people I admire the most. Even though he is not famous like the two star athletes h...

A character analysis of the priest (Abbe Marignan) in the short Story Essay

A character analysis of the priest (Abbe Marignan) in the short Story Clair De Lune - Essay Example The protagonist Abbe Marignan, is essentially a composure of most of the elements used to create the story. Depicted as a priest, Marignan signifies both extremes on love and hence espouses the various elements used inside the story itself. The very first line of the story perhaps best signifies the first aspect of Abbe Marignan’s personality where Maupassant exclaims Marignan as a â€Å"soldier of God†. The contention here is to depict Marignan as a righteous yet fanatical individual since a soldier is by design fanatically tied to the doctrines of a higher order. Maupassant clarifies this view through his second line where he delineates the priest’s existence as: The use of the word â€Å"fanatical† signifies that Marignan was a zealous individual in the higher order service of God. In being a servant of God, Marignan has been depicted as being righteous an uncompromising – just as any fanatic is. In his fanaticism Marignan has been depicted as a learned man who does his best to discover the Lord’s purpose for every other thing. Maupassant exclaims: In itself, this small question reveals a lot about Marignan’s basic nature which is inquisitive. However, as the story later reveals, Marignan is inquisitive as well as nosy since he goes ahead and interferes with something that does not concern him. This characteristic may be attributed to everyone who believes that he is in line with God and is in some degree God’s representative on earth. Since religious figures such as priests are entrusted with religion on a professional scale, so it might be expected that they would interfere in other people’s lives to determine their righteousness (Heap). Furthermore, Marignan has been shown as a person who inquires into things and finds divine explanations for them. Maupassant expresses this as: Being part of divinity, Marignan feels that he knows

ERP System Analysis-TD Bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ERP System Analysis-TD Bank - Assignment Example This category of vendors has been estimated to be generating more than $ 3.0 billion in the banking sector every year in Canada (Eschinger and Dominic 34) [3]. The other category of vendors which is not common in banks is the vendors serving small business such as the SaaS ERP vendor which offers ERP applications of low-cost standards in order to attract large small business segments. Vendors serving specific vertical industries provide ERP solutions to a wide range of industries such as retail, manufacturing, professional services, fashion, and non-profit organization(Eschinger and Dominic 34) [3].. The Vendors providing open source ERP solutions forms the greatest ERP market thus mostly attracts most banks to make use of it. Its open source scope has been increasing over the years and this is expected to continue increasing in the years to come. Vendors have been in the forefront in offering open source solutions to ERP systems. Despite the fact that traditional ERP systems which h ave already been licensed make the most part of the ERP market, the ERP open source scope has increased over the years and this trend is expected to continue in the years to come. ... However, the TD bank settled on SAP R/3 and CM as the most suitable ERP systems applications considering its situation (Eschinger and Dominic 97) [3]. 3.0 ERP IN BANKING ERP’s cashbook mainly deals with the processing of cash as well as reconciliation that offer one of the best functionality breed among the various ERP systems. Cashbook provides a wide range of bank interfaces including (Dodds 34) [2]; 1. Bank Statement Upload: This ERP application allows banks to upload and match open invoices automatically on receivable accounts and goes further to ensure that payments are posted to the payment column of the transit accounts and manual payments reflected on the general ledger accounts. 2. Bank Lockbox Upload: lock box from any bank can be easily transferred into its Cashbook after which it is processed automatically to end up in the ERP system. This enables the banks to handle deductions, short payments, bank charges, over-pays and cash receipts for inter-companies. 3. Elect ronic Payment Files- Such files enable banks to conduct international payments all over the world, integrate BACSTEL-IP and find solutions to SEPA compliant. This also allows for ACH files payment. 4. Positive Payment Files- This application allows banks to come up with positive file payments across nations. 5. Direct Debit Files- ERP systems permit the creation of direct debit files from its data and upload the files into the software of the bank in question. Such files contain all the information needed by the banks in collecting money from different customer accounts. 6. Draft management Files AP & AR- These draft files comply with the local rules for banks and contain all the important

Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company Essay

Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company - Essay Example Strategic fit analysis of Gilbert sports Equipment Company However, when the rules of Rugby and thereby rules regarding ball shapes and sizes got formalized in the early part of the 20th century and with availability of Rubber bladders, Gilbert Sports Company started making the modern Rugby balls. Although, the company changed hands quite a few times, the company continued to modernise and update the quality of the balls through the second part of the 20th century particularly during the 1980’s and 90’s. It was during the same period, they developed the first range of balls for Netball. However, it fell into the debt trap in 2002, and so it was acquired by another sports equipment maker, Grays of Cambridge in the same year. It continues to function with a lot of autonomy and even diversified into other product segments, with Grays of Cambridge ‘stewarding’ it. Thus, after rising from the internal crisis in 2002, Gilbert under Grays ownership has been able to consolidate its position. However, there are certain fact ors in its macro and micro environment, which could impact as well as influence its functioning. Market Environment Analysis Certain factors in the external environment as well as in the ‘immediate’ external environment will always influence the functioning and the strategies formulation of any organizations in the sport equipment manufacturing sector. Gilbert is no exception to it, as it can be controlled by the factors in the macro-environment, and also by factors in the micro-environment. Both these macro and micro factors can be collected and assessed in a detailed manner through certain analytical tools. The macro environment of Gilbert can be assessed through PEST analysis, while its micro-environment can be analyzed through Porters’ Five Forces. PEST Analysis Political When one focuses on the political factors in Gilbert’s external environment, the UK government can play both a regulatory and constructive role. Regulatory role in the sense, governme nt with its regulations on quality, advertising, pricing, etc., influences the production processes of sports equipment companies including Gilbert. Constructive role in the sense, the UK government through programs like Schools Sports Partnership provide funds to schools to buy sports equipments and construct other infrastructures, so the children can have an active lifestyle with good fitness levels. Although, the UK government had â€Å"plans to end funding for the Schools Sports Partnership program, it was forced to back down as a result of pressure from top athletes, educators and school children themselves.† (caloo.co.uk 2011). Economic The economic aspect of the UK Sports Equipment manufacturing and retail market shows a positive picture, because it â€Å"is valued at US$4.1 billion and grew at a CAGR of 4.19% for the period 2004-2008.† (Reportlinker 2009). However, with the British economy showing little signs of full recovery from the 2008 economic recession, and threatening to go into recession again, the prospects of these sport equipment manufacturing organisations could also suffer. â€Å"Bank of England policymakers agree that Britain's stalled economy will fail to pick up in the current fourth quarter, according to minutes of their last meeting published on Wednesday.† (AFP 2011). If this situation continues, there could be lack of readily available finance options because of credit crunch, and this will make the consumers cut back on their non-essential

The Documentary The Times Of Harvey Milk Film Studies Essay

The Documentary The Times Of Harvey Milk Film Studies Essay The documentary The Times of Harvey Milk and Michelle Teas memoir Valencia offer insight into the experiences and attitudes of San Franciscos gay and lesbian communities at two different moments in the citys history. Consider Harvey milks and Michelle Teas backgrounds, the issues they faced, their feelings about the possibility of change, and the spirit or mood of the times in which they lived. How do you think they each felt about San Francisco, and how does that affect your sense of the city. Answering the questions by Comparing and contrasting backgrounds of Harvey and Michelle, and discussing the different issues or obstacles they faced of the career decisions they made and personal issue which led them to ultimately different paths. Also answering by considering the twos feelings about the possibility of change in the future and the changes that they proceed to make; and lastly discuss the mood of the times in which they lived and the era issues which they faced. All will offer insight into the experiences and attitudes of San Franciscos gay and lesbian communities at its separate moments in history. Michelle teas back ground is somewhat similar to that of Harvey milks background from how they both migrated to San Francisco and both came from a normal nucleus families, but are different from the lifestyles they choose. Michelle tea is originally from Chelsea, Massachusetts or Boston which she referenced in Valencia, she was born in the 70s and had both her parent when she was growing up, lived in a predominantly heterosexual society, and choose to come to San Francisco to discover her sexuality. Career wise she didnt have the drive often growing tired of her jobs which led to her getting fired or quitting. In her own word she states, I was irresponsible, had no work ethic, was raised by parents who called in sick regular as weekends, (Tea 200:43). Michelles misfortunes in the work force led her to become a sex worker. Her personality background information is she is an intense, passionate loving person who can be loyal and dedicated said in another quote. I had ceased to care. My love for her was religious, it was patriotic; like god or country it was something I pledged myself to in service of something huge and perfect that I was honored to have anything to do with. (Tea 2000:45) To classify what kind of lesbian Michelle tea is I would put her in the category of being Lip-gloss Lesbian similar to a femme lesbian, but a little less feminine. She may still do manly things like watch sports and in the case of Michelle chug 40oz beers while still displaying feminine qualities. A lip-gloss lesbian is just as similar to the girl-next-door that everybody loves; who wont be viewed as hot, but cute still being able to attract men and women. She has her own sense of style i.e. looking at the outfits described in the story (Tea 2000). The lip-gloss lesbian are mostly attracted to feminine lesbians, and sometimes butch lesbians like Michelle being attracted to Wilma and Iris with her motorcycle. Harvey milks early background begins being born and raised in Woodmere, New York came from a great family and lived in a society that condoned homosexuality so he kept up a facade his whole life to avoid persecution(Epstein: 1984). Similar to Michelle Tea because he to left his home to come out of the closet in the safe environment of San Francisco gay community but during the beginning of the migrations and of the gay communitys (Epstein: 1984). Different from Michelles background was his apparent success he maintains during his employment career he had a lot of jobs being a high school teacher, diving officer, working at an insurance firm, a Wall Street firm and finally becoming a business owner of a camera store(Epstein: 1984). The background of Harvey personality was stated in the documentary that he was a friendly and outgoing person whod go out of his way for people he didnt even know(Epstein: 1984). Even with the good aspects of his personality he had bad aspects was stated that sometimes Harvey was known to throw childish temper tantrums when he didnt get his way (Epstein: 1984). Im not sure how to categories his sexual background in terms of homosexuality probably in the middle of a dominant (butch) and submissive (femme) homosexual. The Issues Harvey and Michelle faced where sever but of different types. Harvey issues were discrimination based on sexual orientation (Briggs initiative) and Government interference in private sexual matters mainly Police persecution of gay establishments like bars, bathhouse and others in San Francisco (Miller 67:1994). Apparently Oral sex was consider a felony, and during the 1970, almost 90Â  people in San Francisco were arrested for the act, such persecution was so severe that homosexuals Faced eviction if they were caught having homosexual sex in a rented apartment (Miller 67:1994). Homosexual men were embarrassed and unwilling to face arrest in gay bars and other establishments, so they turned to having sex in public parks at night (Miller75:1994). Author Neil Miller of the history of gay and lesbian states that, In 1971, over 2,800Â  gay men were caught and arrested for having public sex in San Francisco parks. Compared with New York City who recorded only 63 arrests for th e same offense that year and was at the time the current record holder and had the largest population; therefore Any arrest for such a lewd public charge required immediate registration as a sex offender(miller 77:1994). Issues that Michelle Tea faced was more personal and some of the issues involved where a major problem during her time period. The personal issue was her employment issue of holding down jobs and figuring what she wanted to do or more like she wanted to work less and make a quick buck. She chooses to take an easy route of selling her body for money as most women did. She personally struggled to come to terms of being a prostitute, I could whore. I had done it, vowed I would never do it again because it was so gross and weird. (Tea 2000:46) The community issues of her time were the problems of drugs and sex causing people to contract STDs, overdosing off of drugs and depression people suffer from resulting in them committing suicide. Considering Michelle Tea and mainly Harvey Milks feelings about the possibility of change for the future is that Michelle made no reference to change that had no desire at the moment and Harvey Milk who had a grand vision for ideas to change the future (Epstein 1984). Only reference of change that took place in Michelle teas life was who she virtually slept with. Harvey Milk change ultimately came when he took up in the involvement in political and civic matters. When Harvey came up against civic problems and policies he disliked; he felt it was his duty to change the problems for the betterment of the people (Epstein 1984). One incident infuriated him about politics when a teacher came into his camera store and asked if a projector could be loaned to him/her because the equipment in the schools were malfunctioning (Shilts 88:1982). Harvey believing it should be city assemblys main priority rather than anything else. Milk decided that the time had come to run for city supervisor He s aid later, I finally reached the point where I knew I had to become involved or shut up (Shilts 67:1982). One the first change Harvey felt need to be put into effect was he and other gay business owners needed better representation , as a result founded the Castro Village Association, as milk as the president using the philosophy that gays should buy from gay businesses(Epstein 1984). This was the result of when two gay men tried to open a business and the Eureka Valley Merchants Association (EVMA) attempted to block them from receiving their business license and also discriminating towards selling to gays (Epstein 1984). The community changes that Harvey initiated caused non gay citizens and the non gays business owners to stop discriminating against gays or to move out, creating what is known as the predominately gay community of the Castro today(Epstein 1984). Milk had failed many times in his election for a bid in san Francisco politics he had shown great leadership in the small community of Castro District (Epstein 1984). Harvey felt he was starting to be taken seriously as a candidate but not serious enough and decided to run again for supervisor with a different approach (Epstein 1984). He reconsidered the approach of looking more professional as he used to look back as his day as a stock broker and cut his long hair, stop smoking marijuana, and started to wear business suits again. Harvey Milks new approach earned him the support of the teamsters, firefighters, and construction unions (Epstein 1984). Harvey changed his Castro Camera from a small rinky dink shop to become the center of activity in the neighborhood (Epstein 1984). Milks fiery, flamboyant speeches and savvy media skills earned him a significant amount of press during the 1973 election. He earned 16,900Â  votes-sweeping the Castro District and other liberal neighborhoods and coming in 10th place out of 32Â  candidates (Shilts 67:1982). One of Harveys last changes was the possible manipul ation of reorganizing to allow districts to elect their own supervisors which allow him to win a seat on City assembly (Epstein 1984). The spirit of the mood of the city during the times of Harvey milk and Michelle Tea were different because they were set in different time periods. The mood of the city was more radical for both of them because of the 60s radical change or revolution. During Harveys time 10 years after the 60s, the mood of the city was just starting to unravel it was the 70s and San Francisco was becoming the hotspot for or destination for homosexuality. Thousands upon millions of gay men and women were migrating to San Francisco to openly express their sexuality (Epstein 1984). Also during the time of Harvey the spirit or the mood of San Francisco was probably a lot raunchier and sexually open because they did not quite know about AIDS and the repercussion of unsafe sex. The Castro the main gay community was just starting to get its beginnings and was being fought for. Michelle Teas era of San Francisco was probably based in the late 90s as of the reference she made of crack cocaine, Where is Waldo, and finally the reference about O.J Simpson that was a clear giveaway. The mood of San Francisco was that of awareness because of the AIDS and other STD epidemics going around people werent as raunchy or having polygamous sexual relationships. The gay community also had its issues with drugs; suffering already from heroin which was already around since the 70s in the Castro but with the invention of crack cocaine, Methamphetamine and the rise in popularity of powder cocaine effectively altered the mood of San Francisco gay environment. The Castro during the 90s was by Michelles time a predominately gay community with its own businesses and residents. I believed that Michelle Tea and Harvey Milk each felt or thought about San Francisco as a safe haven for their sexuality were they could openly express their homosexuality and not be persecuted Because in the environment they were in everyone was gay; if not people learned to accept their homosexuality for what it was. This reinforces my view of the city as being open minded and liberal giving me a sense of pride of being a native in such an almost free place.

Harry Potter And The Goblet of Firebook report Essay -- Essays Papers

Harry Potter And The Goblet of Firebook report Harry Potter The Time The Story Takes Place and Setting This story takes place at the present time. It takes place over the course of one year. It all starts at a small town outside London, then moves to an enchanted castle, located in a the middle of Britain. The castle is very large and would take hours to describe in detail. It has secret passages, doors that can move, and suits of armour that can get up and walk around. It has four large towers, and a dungeon in which Potions class is held for the pupils. The castle is actually a large school by the name of â€Å"Hogwart School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.† Hogwart is surrounded by a forbidden forest, which has werewolves and giant spiders in it. The students go to school at the castle, and it is set up like an English boarding school. The school also has a large lake beside it. It is fathoms deep, and has many magical creatures in it, from Hinkypunks, to Merpeople. Characters (1) Dominant The main character in this story is Harry Potter. He is a fourteen year old boy, and the extraordinary thing about him is that he is a magician. He is very famous, because when he was one year old he defeated the most powerful evil sorcerer of the time. The person he defeated was named Voldemort, and he died after killing Harry’s parents and turning on him. Voldemort had many supporters, and after he was weakened and almost lifeless most pretended to be under ...

A Soft Drink Tax According to John Stuart Mill Essay

The Coca-Cola brand has built itself into a staple of American culture. This is a terrifying thought for public health advocates who see Coke and other soft drinks as being major culprits behind a growing national health crisis. Empirical evidence shows that over-consumption of soft drinks clearly causes harm to the individuals who consume them, however, the waging battle over soda legislation will not be won on the grounds of health alone. The argument that Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and other soft drink firms present is deeply rooted in American values and cannot easily be trumped. What they argue for is freedom of choice. In his book On Liberty, John Stuart Mill states, â€Å"over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign† (9). If an individual chooses that he wants to drink soda pop, he should be allowed a high degree of liberty to make that decision. Such is the foundation of a soft drink firm’s purported right to exist. If consumers demand it, Coca-Cola executives will get as red in the face as their soda cans stating that they play an innocent and vital role in fulfilling that demand. One method through which public health advocates wish to regulate soft drinks is in the implementation of a soda tax. Advocates for such a tax may argue that individuals who harm themselves by overindulging in soda should be limited in their consumption. Since supply and demand are sensitive to market conditions, a tax would undoubtedly lower the quantity of soda demanded, particularly in low-income families where obesity and diabetes are most common. Mill claims that â€Å"to tax stimulants for the sole purpose of making them more difficult to be obtained is a measure differing only in degree from their entire prohibition, and would be justifiable only if that were justifiable. Every increase of cost is a prohibition to those whose means do not come up to the augmented price; and to those who do, it is a penalty laid on them for gratifying a particular taste† (99). Soft drink firms would cite Mill here in their argument that individuals’ â€Å"choice of pleasures and their mode of expending their income, after satisfying their legal and moral obligations to the State and to the individuals, are their own concern and must rest with their own judgment† (99). While Mill’s line of reasoning would appear to speak against a soft drink tax, he goes on to remind us that â€Å"taxation for fiscal purposes is absolutely inevitable†¦ It is hence the duty of the State to consider, in the imposition of taxes, what commodities the consumers can best spare†¦ [and] to select in preference those of which it deems the use, beyond a very moderate quantity, to be positively injurious† (100). Being that over-consumption of soda pop is certainly injurious to the consumer, and especially in light of the current economic downturn in this country, Mill would approve of a soft drink tax as an effective means through which to produce revenue for the State. While a tax on soft drinks would be permissible by Mill’s standards, some proponents of soft drink legislation would go so far as to ban their sale altogether. However, even if the vast majority of the public were motivated to impose such a ban, Mill would hesitate to condone such a severe form of coercion. The basis for Mill’s harm principle is that â€Å"the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any members of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others† (9). Although soft drink firms have a clear interest in â€Å"promoting intemperance† (99) in order to generate profit, those firms will argue fervently that the consumption of soda is not such a great evil that the State would be justified in â€Å"imposing restrictions and requiring guarantees which†¦ would be infringements of legitimate liberty† (99). Therefore, in order to present a stronger argument for a ban on soft drinks, advocates would do well to prove that in drinking soda pop, individuals cause harm not only to themselves, but also to others. To consume soft drinks to the point of excess can lead to the deterioration of an individual’s health. This may appear to be a self-regarding action until one considers the cost such individuals impose on taxpayers. Citizens whose unhealthy lifestyles regularly land them in the hospital eat up government health care, at which point their actions cease to be self-regarding and become harmful to society at large. With this in mind, are we still to protect individuals’ liberty to drink soda pop? Soft drink firms may point to Mill in arguing that the accountability for such harm lies not with soda, but with the society that raises gluttonous individuals. If grown people are incapable of properly taking care of themselves, society must consider that it â€Å"has had absolute power over them during all the early portion of their existence; it has had the whole period of childhood and nonage in which to try whether it could make them capable of rational conduct in life† (80). It is on this point that we must consider the role that mass media plays in the world today. The pervasiveness of corporate advertising in the U. S. manipulates children’s impressionable faculties of reason, subverting the ability of even responsible parents and educators to impart rational consumption habits on their young ones. Mill writes that he could not see how people could witness an act of self-harm and think it â€Å"more salutary than hurtful, since, if it displays the misconduct, it displays also the painful or degrading consequences which, if the conduct is justly censured, must be supposed to be in all or most cases attendant on it† (81). This argument is undermined by the fallacy of soft drink advertising, which positively portrays the act of drinking soda without showing the adverse long-term effects of its consumption. When a world-class athlete endorses soda pop, susceptible consumers, particularly children, are inclined to associate soft drinks with scoring goals and dunking basketballs rather than with cancer and heart disease. In arguing against the proliferation of soft drinks, one should appeal to a fundamental component of Mill’s doctrine, which states that his harm principle does not apply to â€Å"children or of young persons below the age which the law may fix as that of manhood or womanhood. Those who are still in a state to require being taken care of by others must be protected against their own actions as well as against external injury† (9). In other words; children do not have the maturity to make rational, informed decisions that lead to actions that could potentially cause them harm, for instance, the act of guzzling down a 99 cent Coke. The American Beverage Association would echo John Stuart Mill in saying that â€Å"human beings owe to each other help to distinguish the better from the worse, and encouragement to choose the former and avoid the latter† (74). It is their argument that parents and educators, not government, are responsible for dissuading children to consume soft drinks. Indeed, parents and educators can form a partnership in banning the sale of soft drinks in schools, but it is beyond their power to prevent a non-responsible child from seeing a deviously enticing soda ad on TV and irrationally choosing to spend his or her allowance on soda pop. Therefore, the State would be justified in regulating children’s access to soft drinks by legally coercing soft drink firms to discontinue their advertisements geared toward children, as well as by imposing a minimum age requirement for the purchasing of soft drinks.

Greeks Essays - Trojans, Mythological Kings, Iliad, Diomedes

Greeks Essays - Trojans, Mythological Kings, Iliad, Diomedes Greeks The greeks were fascinating ye BRISEIS Captive girl originally awarded to Achilleus but taken by Agamemnon, precipitating the wrath of Achilleus. CATALOG OF SHIPS Long descriptive passage in Book II outlining all the battle contingents at Troy. CHRYSEIS Captive girl taken by Agamemnon. Apollo forces him to return her by sending a plague on the Greek forces. CHRYSES Father of Chryseis, priest of Apollo. DACTYLIC HEXAMETER The metrical form used by Homer in his epic poems, consisting of six feet of variable quantity. DANAANS One of three interchangeable terms for the Greeks (also Argives, Achaians). DARDANIANS Trojan contingent headed by Aineias. DECEPTION OF ZEUS Passage in Book XIV in which Hera seduces Zeus. DEIPHOBOS Brother of Hektor. DIOMEDES Great Greek warrior, son of Tydeus (sometimes referred to as Tydeides). Book V is often called the Diomedeia because of his powerful exploits. DOLON Trojan spy caught by Diomedes and Odysseus in Book X, which is called the Doloneia after him. EPIC CYCLE Group of poems by various authors that make up the entire story of the Trojan War. EPITHET Short descriptive term used by Homer to describe a character, frequently repeated throughout the poem. ERIS Goddess of strife. EROS Love-power governed by Aphrodite. EUPHORBOS Trojan warrior, killed by Menelaos. His death in Book XVII is described in a famous simile. EURYPYLOS Greek warrior, wounded in battle. GLAUKOS Trojan warrior, ancestral friend of Diomedes, who spares his life. HADES Ruler of the underworld, brother of Zeus and Poseidon. HEKABE Wife of Priam, mother of Hektor. HEKTOR Greatest and most beloved Trojan warrior, arch enemy of Achilleus, son of Priam and Hekabe, husband of Andromache. HELEN Beautiful woman; wife of Menelaos but mistress of Paris. The Trojan War is fought on her behalf. HELENOS Trojan warrior, brother of Hektor. HEPHAISTOS Lame god of the blacksmith's art, creator of divine armor for Achilleus. HERA Ever-scheming and powerful goddess; wife of Zeus, major defender of the Greek cause. HERMES Also called Argeiphontes, god who protects Priam. HOMERIC HYMNS Group of narrative poems sometimes attributed to Homer. ICHOR Divine substance that runs through the immortals' veins instead of blood. IDA Large mountain near Troy. IDAIOS A herald of Priam. IDOMENEUS Kretan commander, a great Greek fighter. ILION Another name for Troy, from which the Iliad gets its name. IRIS Messenger of Zeus. KALCHAS Soothsayer for the Greeks. KEBRIONES Trojan warrior killed by Patroklos, sparking a fierce battle over his body. KRETE Largest of the Greek islands, whose forces are led by Idomeneus. KRONOS One of the ancient Greek gods, overthrown by Zeus, his son. LEDA Mother of Helen, perhaps by mating with Zeus in the form of a swan. LYKAON Trojan warrior, killed by Achilleus. MACHAON Physician for the Greeks. MEDUSA The Gorgon: snake-haired creature whose severed head stared from the aegis. MEGARON Large Greek room. MELEAGROS Legendary hero whose story is used by Phoinix to persuade Achilleus to fight. MENELAOS Ruler of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, cuckolded husband of Helen. MENOITIOS Father of Patroklos. MERIONES Greek fighter, companion of Idomeneus. MUSE One of the nine goddesses who inspire the various arts, invoked by Homer to begin the Iliad. MYKENAI Powerful Greek city, ruled by Agamemnon. MYRMIDONS Greek contingent led by Achilleus. NEREIDS Sea nymphs, companions of Thetis, daughters of Nereus. NESTOR Elder statesman of the Greeks, a great talker. ODYSSEUS Brilliant Greek warrior and counselor. His travels home from the war are the subject of Homer's epic, the Odyssey. OILEUS Father of one of the fighters called Aias. OKEANOS Primal waters surrounding the world, depicted on the divine shield of Achilleus. OLYMPOS Mountainous abode of the immortals. PANDAROS Trojan warrior who breaks the truce in Book IV. PARIS Another name for Alexandros, Trojan prince. PATROKLOS Greek commander, comrade of Achilleus, whose death causes Achilleus to reenter the war. PELEUS Father of Achilleus. PHOINIX An elder of the Greeks, old friend of Achilleus. POLYDOROS Son of Priam, killed by Achilleus. POSEIDON Fierce god of the sea and of earthquakes, brother of Zeus and Hades, defender of the Greeks. POULYDAMAS Trojan warrior and friend of Hektor. PRIAM King of Troy, father of Hektor and many others. PYLOS Greek city, domain of Nestor. RHAPSODE Ancient Greek singer who recited epics. RHESOS Trojan ally, killed by Diomedes; possessor of great horses. SARPEDON Son of Zeus, a Trojan fighter whose death almost causes Zeus to intervene. SKAIAN GATES Landmark gates before the walls of Troy. SKAMANDROS River that crosses

How to Write an Illustration Essay

How to Write an Illustration Essay How to Write an Illustration Essay Writing an illustration essay is easier than you think. The main idea behind a good illustration essay is to prove your thesis with the help of various examples. Sometimes an illustration essay is also referred to as explaining or expository essay. In fact, every type of essay needs good proving points and examples, so most probably you have already written an illustration essay without even realizing it. Proving your point through various examples is not difficult if you have chosen your thesis correctly and made proper research to find the right points and examples to make it sound trustworthy and reliable. There are of course some useful tips on how to write an illustration essay which we are going to examine in details below. An illustration essay consists of introduction, body and conclusion. The first step in writing an illustration essay, however, is to define your thesis. The most important thing in your thesis is your capability of defending it. Therefore, once again, you have to research your thesis extremely well in order to pick the right examples to illustrate and defend it. Introduction of an illustration essay The introduction of an illustration essay is the first or the so-called introductory paragraph. The purpose of the introduction is to present to the audience the subject you are going to illustrate. It is useful to give a general overview of your thesis and also point briefly why other people have different opinion from yours. But be careful when doing that because you have to be sure you can defend your thesis better than they can defend theirs. For example, you have decided to write an illustration essay on cell phones and how they affect our daily life. First, you have to decide whether you are going to defend the thesis about how useful really are the cell phones or how cell phones have altered our communication in general, or any other variation of the topic which you find interesting and believe you can illustrate. It is important to find a thesis which reflects your point of view and you can adapt. So let’s say you have decided to write on how mobile phones have altered our way of daily communication. You have to find some key points to prove that the usage of cell phones has really changed the way we communicate. First, you may say that texting has replaced the traditional phone call; second, it allows to be closer to a larger number of friends and acquaintances than before; and third, that cell phones help you in your studies or business since you can check not only your email account all the time, but you can also observe your business or studies from distance. You can also state that some people claim that we spend too much time on our phones neglecting our real lives as a negative effect. Main body of an illustration essay Before starting to write the main body of your illustration essay, it will be good if you outline it first. After you have finished your initial research on the thesis, systematize by priority the examples you have found that illustrate your thesis in the best possible way. Afterwards, you proceed with writing a paragraph for each of the examples you have picked which illustrates your thesis. Every example has to be examined and defended in details. The purpose of the main body of an essay is to convince the audience of your thesis so here you have to use precise information and convincing language. Sometimes in an illustrative essay you can tell a personal story and use it as an example to prove your thesis. For instance, you can say that your cell phone and its calendar saved you from forgetting a deadline for an important paper or helped you prepare for an exam. The personal story of course has to be trustworthy and something the audience can relate to. You must have at least thre e examples to illustrate your thesis or at least three paragraphs in the main body of your illustration essay. Conclusion of an illustration essay The purpose of the conclusion is to restate your thesis for one last time. You can also highlight the examples that illustrate your thesis in the best possible way. Make the audience lean to your thesis for one final time in the conclusion of the essay. Always proofread your essay and make sure it’s free from grammar and punctuation mistakes.

Is class still a relevant factor in 21st Century Britain Essay

Is class still a relevant factor in 21st Century Britain - Essay Example t is quite clear that the social class has since disappeared, and the conventional language of social status still exists in public affairs (Green, 1995). This has since shaped the political thinking of people and their personal careers. It used to be believed that the class of a person is defined by their occupation. For example, doctors and teachers have a different level of income and social experiences compared to those of gardeners. From the previous research based on the economic, cultural, and social capital, the issue of class is yet to disappear from Britain; therefore, it is still relevant (International Labour in the 21st Century, 1995). There is strong evidence suggesting that the class division is still relevant in the British life. There is also proof that the class is relevant in standard Britain compared to a couple of centuries before. The global financial mishaps and their recession may have taken part in making the class division more defined. The policy makers have continued to focus on the economic dimension of quality such as progressive taxation. Increasingly, the class dimension has received endless attention with mechanism that improves the networking chances for people who are excluded socially (Kubat, 1961). The cultural class has been ignored for long as it is a concept that is not easy to measure. The problem arising out of this is that one cannot know how crucial this is and the intensity of their influence on the life of people (Thorpe, 2003). The politics of Britain view class as a significant divisive factor. These started way back from the franchise that existed in 20th century. This extension has been connected and used in explaining the voting patterns and the political parties’ fortunes. The class political and the conflicts associated with a class started to decline in 1980s. This political conflict was after Margaret Thatcher and the Labor Party modernization. Such views focused on the working class and thus presented the

Neo Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neo Liberalism - Essay Example There are many problems that it has introduced, but has been unable to provide answers. There had been mixed reactions as some of the happenings had been good and some of them were unpleasant. Dictatorships had been giving way to liberalism and this is definitely a positive step in the right direction. How long it might last, one cannot answer today. There exists another fear that Neo liberalism could widen the gap between the poor and rich. It is felt that World Bank, Inter American Development Bank and International Monetary Fund like powerful monetary institutions have imposed a situation of reducing profit rates felicitating the corporate few who are in bad business ventures, to revive their economic position. "Neo-liberalism is a response to a dual crisis that emerged in the mid-1970s for the ruling class. On the one hand capitalists faced a 'crisis of accumulation' - the capitalist system was stagnating and profits had fallen from the rates achieved immediately after the Second World War. Secondly, a rising tide of workers' struggle in the 1960s and 1970s posed a threat to the political power of the ruling elite" http://www.socialistreview.org.uk/article.phparticlenumber=9655 It is difficult to guess if Neo liberalism would bring the same future to all cities, or the result would be diverse in accordance with the city. But we can make very clear assumptions that it would definitely make the cities look and feel alike. There is a suggestion that the growth of cities is connected with the growth rate of national economy and most of the economic activities are focussed in the cities. "Indeed by the end of the 1980s the World Bank claimed that over half of all GDP in the greater majority of developing countries could be traced to urban areas", (Allen, 1999, p.248). The link between cities, particularly the cities in the developing countries, is a new one. As there had never been anything sweeping the earth the way globalisation did, it is understandable. No doubt, at one time, Imperialism ruled the world, but compared to the all-pervasive nature of neo-liberalism, effects of Imperialism were remote, and were limited to the particular colonies, even though there was a great impact on world trade and business. It lacked the power and all-grabbing tendencies of today's financial and marketing institutions. "The ideological persuasion exerted increasingly by these and other institutions mirrors the types of influence at work at the level of the global economy" (Allen, p.248). It has made the Governments to take a different view of their cities and attend to all needs of the cities mainly with the intention of fitting them into the global network, so that they could be showcased as their trophies and achievements of Neo liberalism. Some thinkers, economists and sociologists are of the opinion that cities should be limited and their unbridled growth should be curbed. They say this without taking into consideration the importance of cities in history or their current position as significant players economically, socially and politically. Another assumption is that the role of markets and economic institutions and their reforms are compatible with the city life of the inhabitants. Persisting doubt is if macroeconomic policies and regulations would be sufficient for the growth of the cities.